Cholula, a picturesque city located in the heart of Mexico near Puebla, is a tourist destination that captivates visitors with its extraordinary blend of history, culture, and natural beauty. This charming city is famous for being the “City of Churches” due to its impressive number of churches, but it also hides a treasure beneath its feet: the Pyramid of Cholula, the world’s largest pyramid by volume.
History of Cholula
Cholula, a city rich in history and charm, has its roots in an ancient past that reaches deep into the pre-Hispanic civilization of Mexico. This history is filled with myths, legends, and a unique cultural evolution that continues to enchant visitors.
Pre-Hispanic Origins
Cholula’s history begins millennia ago when the region was inhabited by various indigenous cultures, including the Olmecs and Maya. These ancient peoples chose the Puebla Valley as their home due to its fertile land and mild climate. Here, during the pre-classical Mesoamerican period, the first settlements emerged, laying the foundation for what would become Cholula.
But what makes Cholula unique is the world’s largest pyramid. The Pyramid of Cholula, known as Tlachihualtépetl, is one of the most extraordinary structures of ancient Mexico. Built in various layers over a long period of time, this gigantic pyramid was dedicated to the rain god Tlaloc. Its base occupies a larger area than the Pyramid of the Sun in Teotihuacan and is considered the world’s largest pyramid by volume, even though much of its grandeur has been hidden by vegetation and time.
The Influence of the Spaniards
Everything changed for the city in 1519 when the Spanish conqueror Hernán Cortés and his troops arrived in Mexico. Cholula, known at the time as one of the largest cities in pre-Hispanic America, was one of the first places the Spanish reached. The indigenous people of Cholula, believing the Spanish to be gods, welcomed them warmly. However, Cortés and his men, fearing potential resistance from the indigenous people, organized a massacre known as the “Massacre of Cholula“. Thousands of indigenous people were killed, and much of the city was destroyed.
Following the Spanish conquest, Cholula was converted to Catholicism, and Catholic churches were built directly on top of the Pyramid of Cholula, symbolizing the suppression of indigenous culture and religious conversion. This unique combination of a pre-Hispanic pyramid and overlaid Catholic churches creates a fascinating and contradictory atmosphere that attracts tourists from around the world today.
Cholula’s tumultuous history is steeped in contradictions, cultural conflicts, and a deep sense of continuity. Today, the city still bears the scars of its turbulent past, but it also celebrates its heritage and unique identity as a place where cultures have merged in surprising ways. Exploring Cholula’s history is a fascinating journey through the centuries that offers a unique perspective on the history of pre-Hispanic America and Spanish colonization.
Main Attractions
Cholula is a captivating destination, rich in unique attractions that capture the imagination of visitors. Here, ancient pre-Hispanic ruins blend with Spanish colonial architecture, creating a unique and engaging atmosphere. Some of the main attractions you should not miss during your visit to Cholula include:
"Pyramid of Cholula" by openalva is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND 2.0
The Pyramid of Cholula (Tlachihualtépetl)
The Pyramid of Cholula is an impressive pre-Hispanic structure that dominates the landscape.
Beneath the small church located on the top of the hill, hidden under grass, trees, and earth, lies an ancient pyramid of truly gigantic proportions. With a width of 450 meters and a height of 66 meters, the Great Pyramid of Cholula is the largest pyramid on Earth, with a base four times larger than that of the Pyramid of Giza and nearly double the volume. It is the largest monument ever built in the world.
The local inhabitants call it Tlachihualtepetl, which translates to “mountain made by man,” and it is the building that has seen the longest human presence throughout the continent.
History tells us that until the locals began the construction of an asylum in 1910, no one knew that an ancient pyramid was hidden beneath that vegetation.
When Hernán Cortés and his men arrived in these lands, the building already had thousands of years of history behind it and was completely covered by lush vegetation.
Despite its imposing size, surprisingly little is known about the early history of this pyramid. It is believed that its construction began around 300 B.C., and according to legend, the pyramid was built by a giant. It was most likely the ancient inhabitants of the city, known as Cholutecas, who built it.
The first excavations revealed a series of surprising and, in some cases, unsettling discoveries, including deformed skulls of decapitated children. When the area was excavated in 2013, about 63 skeletons from the pre-colonial era were discovered.
With its vast base and Catholic churches built on top, this pyramid is a living testament to the interaction between pre-Hispanic and Spanish cultures. Climb the stairs and enjoy a breathtaking panoramic view of the city and the surrounding mountains, and you’ll discover Mexico from the perspective of the world’s largest pyramid.
The Churches of Cholula
Cholula is known as the “City of Churches” for a reason. Explore the numerous churches scattered throughout the city, each with its unique architecture and history. The Church of San Francisco Acatepec, with its indigenous-style decorated facades, is one of the most famous and fascinating.
The Regional Museum of Cholula
This museum is an ideal place to delve into the history and culture of Cholula. You’ll find a rich collection of archaeological artifacts that tell the story of the area, from its ancient origins to the present day. Interactive exhibits and detailed information make this museum an educational and engaging experience.
The Market of Cholula
Experience the lively atmosphere of Cholula’s local market, where you can purchase authentic Mexican crafts, fresh produce, and traditional dishes. It’s also a perfect place to immerse yourself in the daily life of Mexicans.
The Plaza de la Concordia
This picturesque square is the heart of Cholula’s historic center. Relax in the shade of the trees, admire the colonial architecture, and enjoy a coffee or a meal at one of the local restaurants. The square is an ideal spot to observe the daily life of the city.
These are just some of the many attractions that Cholula has to offer. Every corner of this city tells a unique story, allowing you to immerse yourself in its rich culture and history. Exploring these attractions will introduce you to the magic of Cholula and leave you with lasting memories of your visit.
Culture and Cuisine
Cholula is a city that shines not only for its history but also for its culture and delicious Mexican cuisine. During your visit, don’t miss the opportunity to immerse yourself in this rich cultural experience and savor some of the region’s most delightful dishes.
Cholula’s culture is a fascinating blend of pre-Hispanic and Spanish influences. This city is a place where ancient traditions survive and mingle with modern life. Here are some cultural experiences not to be missed:
Traditional Festivals: Cholula is famous for its traditional festivals, including the celebration of the Virgin of Los Remedios, the patron saint of the city. During these festivals, the streets come alive with colors, traditional dances, and fireworks displays that create an electrifying atmosphere.
Local Crafts: Explore Cholula’s markets and shops to discover local craftsmanship. Here, you can purchase handmade items, including ceramics, textiles, jewelry, and traditional masks, as authentic mementos for your visit.
Music and Dance: Music and dance are integral parts of Cholula’s culture. During your visit, look for mariachi music performances or Mexican folk dance groups that will have you moving to the rhythm of local traditions.
Mexican Authentic Food
Cholula’s cuisine is a true paradise for lovers of Mexican food. Here, you can savor authentic and flavorful dishes that represent the best of Mexican culinary tradition. Here are some dishes and culinary experiences not to be missed:
- Tacos al Pastor: Try the tacos al pastor, made with marinated pork cooked vertically on a spit, served with onions, cilantro, and salsa.
- Mole Poblano: This dish represents one of the specialties of the Puebla region. It’s a dense and rich sauce prepared with chocolate, chili peppers, and a blend of spices, usually served with chicken or turkey.
- Chiles en Nogada: A traditional Mexican dish prepared with green chili peppers stuffed with meat, dried fruits, and raisins, covered with a sauce made of walnuts and cheese.
- Pulque: A traditional fermented beverage made from agave, pulque is a unique experience to try. You can taste different varieties of this beverage at local “pulquerías.”
Cholula Market: The local market is an ideal place to try a wide range of Mexican foods. Taste tamales, quesadillas, tlacoyos, and other street delicacies as you explore the market.
The culture and food of Cholula are steeped in authenticity and tradition. Deepen your culinary and cultural experience by exploring local restaurants, participating in traditional festivals, and savoring the culinary diversity of this fascinating Mexican city. Cholula will enchant you with its unique flavors and traditions.
Recreational Activities
In addition to its rich history and culture, Cholula offers a wide range of recreational activities to entertain visitors. Whether you are a nature lover, enjoy outdoor sports, or simply seek moments of relaxation, this Mexican city has something to offer for everyone. Here are some of the best recreational activities to consider during your visit:
Hiking in the Surrounding Mountains
Cholula is surrounded by spectacular mountain ranges. Hiking and trekking enthusiasts will find a variety of scenic trails offering breathtaking views of the city and the surrounding countryside. The Izta-Popo National Park, located a short distance from Cholula, is an ideal place for hiking and offers a variety of trails of different difficulty levels.
Visit to Cholula’s Suspended Park (Parque Sospeso Cholula)
This park offers a range of adrenaline-pumping adventures, including suspended walks through the trees, zip lines, and Tibetan bridges. It’s an opportunity to experience ecotourism and enjoy the natural beauty of Cholula from a different perspective.
Strolls in the Historic Center
Cholula’s historic center is an ideal place for leisurely walks and discovering Spanish colonial architecture, cobblestone streets, and picturesque squares. Stop for a coffee at one of the local cafes or explore craft boutiques.
Bike Tours
Cholula is a bike-friendly city with bike lanes and trails for cyclists. You can rent a bike and explore the city at your own pace, pedaling through historic streets and along the banks of the Atoyac River.
Relaxation at Hot Springs
If you’re looking for a relaxation experience, consider visiting local hot springs. Here, you can soak in thermal pools and benefit from the healing properties of the region’s thermal waters.
Mexican Cooking Classes
If you’re a cooking enthusiast, you can take local Mexican cooking classes to learn how to prepare traditional dishes like tamales, mole, or spicy salsas.
Cholula offers a variety of experiences that will allow you to discover the natural beauty, culture, and vibrancy of this fascinating Mexican city.
How to Get to Cholula
Cholula, a beautiful city located in the state of Puebla, Mexico, is easily accessible from many cities in the country due to its strategic location. Here are some options for getting to Cholula, depending on your starting location:
By Air
Mexico City International Airport (AICM):
If you are arriving from abroad or other cities in Mexico, the most common way to reach Cholula is by flying to Mexico City International Airport. From there, you can take a domestic flight to Puebla International Airport (Aeropuerto Internacional de Puebla – PBC), which is approximately 30 kilometers from Cholula.
Puebla International Airport (PBC):
If you are fortunate to find a direct flight to Puebla International Airport, you can save time and arrive directly in the nearest city to Cholula. Once you land in Puebla, you can take a taxi or ground transportation service to reach Cholula.
By Bus
Buses from Mexico City Airport (AICM):
From Mexico City International Airport, you can take a direct bus to Puebla. Bus companies offer regular services between Mexico City and Puebla, with stops that include the city of Cholula. This is an economical and convenient option for reaching the destination.
By Car
From Mexico City: If you prefer to travel by car, you can rent a car. Cholula is approximately a 2-3 hour drive from Mexico City. You can take the Mexico-Puebla highway (toll road 150D) and follow the directions to Puebla. From Puebla, follow the signs to Cholula.
Where to Stay in Cholula
Cholula offers a variety of accommodation options to meet the needs and budgets of visitors. Whether you are looking for luxurious facilities, charming boutique hotels, or more economical options, you will find a wide range of choices in the city.
Regardless of your choice, it is advisable to book in advance, especially during peak seasons or local holidays. Make sure to consider the location of your accommodation in relation to the main attractions you want to visit in Cholula. Most accommodations offer warm hospitality and the opportunity to immerse yourself in the culture and unique atmosphere of this fascinating Mexican city.
